![]() ![]() Similarly, Phytophthora palmivora can infect many different plants species, including oil palm, cacao, and several vegetable crops like tomato. In contrast, Phytophthora capsici has a very broad host range comprising more than 200 plants, mainly Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae spp. sojae causes stem and root rot and has just one host, soybean. infestans causes late blight disease and only infects potato and tomato. Phytophthora infestans and Phytophthora sojae are two well-studied species with a narrow host range. ![]() The genus Phytophthora includes over a hundred species, of which some have a limited host range while others have a much broader host range. cause large losses in crop production and substantial damage in natural habitats. Plant diseases caused by oomycetes such as downy mildews and Phytophthora spp. Induced defence responses can enable the plant to circumvent infection. Well-known examples of MAMPs are the bacterial flagellin, fungal chitin and oomycete elicitins such as INF1. The pathogen-derived molecules include effectors secreted by the pathogens to promote infection, and microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) that are recognized by plants and trigger defense responses. Furthermore, timely transcriptional regulation of genes involved in pathogen recognition and genes involved in plant defense play an important role. These plant immune responses are often initiated by plasma membrane-spanning surface receptors as well as cytoplasmic receptors recognizing pathogen-derived molecules. In order to fend off pathogens and circumvent infection, plants have developed several defense mechanisms like cell wall thickening, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and programmed cell death. Plants are constantly facing potential microbial attackers that can cause disease, such as bacteria, fungi and oomycetes. Moreover, analyses and sampling of infected tissue can be performed in a non-destructive manner from early time points of infection onwards and as such the MsK8 infection system offers a potential platform for large-scale omics studies and activity screenings of inhibitory compounds. An advantage of MsK8 cells compared to leaves is the more synchronized infection, as all cells have an equal chance of being infected. Moreover, MsK8 cells have the ability to support pathogen growth but also to defend themselves against infection in a similar way as whole plants. infestans can prosper as a pathogen in MsK8 cells it not only infects, but also makes haustoria and sporulates, and it receives signals that activate gene expression. infestans genes, including RXLR effector genes, were expressed and in both, compatible and incompatible interactions tomato genes involved in defense were differentially expressed. In incompatible interactions, MsK8 cells showed defense responses, namely reactive oxygen species production and cell death leading to a halt in pathogen spread at the single cell level. primary infection) while other cells were already showing secondary infections including haustoria. The majority were penetrated by a germ tube emerging from a cyst (i.e. Microscopy revealed that 16 h after inoculation up to 36% of the cells were infected. ![]() Species not pathogenic on tomato could not infect. MsK8 cells can host several Phytophthora species pathogenic on tomato. These cells grow in suspension and can be maintained as a stable cell line that is representative for tomato. To find new ways to further unravel this interaction we established a new infection system using MsK8 tomato cells. infestans-host interaction is still poorly understood. The oomycete Phytophthora infestans causes late blight on potato and tomato. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |